Existence is a mathematical construct.

Learn it from the mathematics itself. The Arithmoí books, taught as courses: read them, hear them read aloud, watch their figures move, and check your understanding as you go.

Start learning Discover Book 1

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Watch the book's figures

Arithmoí Book 1 explains with pictures as much as with equations. Here are three of them, moving; the Figures page has all eight, each with the pages that explain it.

  • 123the triangle, with its corners numbereda rotation by 120°a reflection123a reflection

    Figure 1.1.3 · The group permutations

    Three turns and three flips bring a triangle onto itself: six moves, the group D₃.

  • π2πsin θπ2πsin θ

    Part 1.2.2 · A point turning on the unit circle

    A point turns on the unit circle; its height, drawn out as it turns, is the sine.

  • αβγno curvature, a flat surfacepositive curvature, a spherenegative curvature, a pseudosphereα + β + γ = πα + β + γ > πα + β + γ < παβγpositive curvature, a sphereα + β + γ > π

    Figures 1.3.1 to 1.3.3 · The angles of a triangle

    Add up a triangle's three angles: π on a flat surface, more on a sphere, less on a pseudosphere.

Every figure, with the pages that explain it

All eight, drawn moving.

All the figures

Where mathematics meets physics and metaphysics

The Arithmoí Foundation researches mathematics in all its branches and follows it where it leads: into the laws of physics and the oldest questions about existence. What it finds, it teaches to everyone who wants to understand, in books, in courses, in the library and, soon, with a tutor.

  • The Arithmoí series and the books that follow it: mathematics, physics and metaphysics, written to be studied, to read and to hear.

  • Courses grown from the books, at your own pace: figures that move, every part read aloud, questions to test yourself, a study plan, your progress.

  • The Arithmoí books and essays, open to every curious mind: Book 1 in full and the Foundation's essays and papers, on a phone or a computer, with no account.

  • The tutor Coming

    Nous, an AI that has read the books: ask it about ontological mathematics, and it answers from them.

[The universe] cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language.

Galileo Galilei, Il Saggiatore
Figure 1.2.10 · The logarithmic spiral, which winds around its centre and never reaches it

I hope that students and life-long learners will see mathematics in a new light and inspire those who wish to undertake the journey of self-actualization.

Arithmoí Book 1, Introduction
1i eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ 1i eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ
Euler's formula: a point turning on the unit circle, its cosine and sine travelling the axes

Making all attempts to cast aside mathematical bias is central to the approach of this undertaking, where embracing complex numbers and non-Euclidean geometries are the tools utilized.

Arithmoí Book 1, Introduction
cos² α + sin² α = 1cosh² β − sinh² β = 1cos² α + sin² α = 1cosh² β − sinh² β = 1
Figures 1.3.4 and 1.3.5 · The unit circle and the unit hyperbola

Study Book 1 at your own pace

  • The Arithmoí School · Part 1.6.1, The Singularity

    A lesson from the school: the figure moves with the book's words, and questions follow the part.

The Arithmoí School

  • Book 1's 8 sections, part by part: 92 parts in all
  • Proper maths and the book's figures, with short animations
  • « Listen »: the book read aloud, part by part
  • Questions after each part, with instant feedback
  • Your progress, your notes and your study plan

Visit the school

The cover of Arithmoí Book 1, Mathematical Foundations and the Singularity

Arithmoí Book 1

Mathematical Foundations and the Singularity

Volume I, Part 1 of A Study of Mathematical Cohesiveness in Physics and Metaphysics
By Jason Glowney

The first book in a series studying existence as a mathematical construct, with mathematics as the means of conveying it: real, complex and harmonic analysis, group and Lie theory, topology and non-Euclidean geometry.

Buy the book About the book A taste of the book

The AI chat

Ask the books a question

Nous is an AI trained on the Arithmoí books. Ask it about ontological mathematics: it answers from the books, and shows the section it draws from.

A small allowance without an account, more with one. In the school, Nous sits beside each lesson as the tutor.

About the AI chat

An example question

What does Book 1 mean by a singularity?

Nous answers

It depends on the perspective. As an object, the infinite sphere of tangent spaces is continuous and well-behaved; seen with real analysis, it meets the criteria of a singularity. The book shows it with f(x) = 1/(x² − 1): poles at ±1 for real x, one continuous curve for imaginary x.

Book 1 · 1.6.1, The Singularity

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